Oslo Kammerakademi

Mozart for Wind Octet

Price: € 19.95
Format: CD
Label: Lawo Classics
UPC: 7090020181639
Catnr: LWC 1141
Release date: 03 November 2017
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Label
Lawo Classics
UPC
7090020181639
Catalogue number
LWC 1141
Release date
03 November 2017
Album
Artist(s)
Composer(s)
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DE

About the album

Mozart was certainly in trouble after June 8, 1781, after having received the oft cited “kick in the backside” by the Archbishop of Salzburg, who had completely lost his patience with the composer. Out of work in his own hometown, he decided to try his luck in Vienna. In a musical metropolis like Vienna, there weren’t necessarily any openings for composers who fell in disrepute with their masters. It was now of the utmost importance to come up with a stunningly brilliant idea! He began composing The Abduction from the Seraglio, but according to a letter he wrote to his father Leopold, the work was constantly delayed due to changes to the libretto and trouble with the production itself. In the same letter, he added that he would gladly accept other composition tasks in the meantime.

Therese Hinckel was the niece of the court painter. On the occasion of her name day, October 15, 1781, a celebration was to be held. Mozart was commissioned to compose Nachtmusik (serenade) for the occasion. The work was orchestrated for two clarinets, two horns, and two bassoons. That evening the six winds performed the serenade twice! Mozart wrote to his father that this was particularly demanding for the hornists. Nevertheless, the same sextet surprised Mozart on the morning of his name day, October 31, with another performance of the serenade.

Mozart had previously composed a whole series of divertimenti for six winds, but they were for two oboes, two horns, and two bassoons. In Vienna, however, the clarinet had made its debut and Harmoniemusik without this very popular innovation would have been an unwise choice for such a young and promising composer! The term Harmoniemusik is of a somewhat unclear origin, but it is usually attributed to a chamber ensemble consisting of wind players from a Viennese classical era orchestra, and it was precisely at this time that the clarinet found its place in the orchestras of Vienna. As mentioned, Vienna was undoubtedly the world’s leading musical center, so this novelty rapidly spread to other cities!

Harmoniemusik was on its way to becoming a huge trend! Several of the leading courts in Central Europe eventually formed such ensembles. In Vienna, the Prince of Liechtenstein had his own Harmoniemusik, which eventually was led by the legendary oboist Triebensee. At Hofburg in Vienna, even the emperor, who already had several musicians employed in the opera and military orchestras, wanted his own Harmonie ensemble, and in April 1782, the Kaiserliche Harmonie- und Tafelmusik saw the light of day. The name of this group says a lot about its function. This flexible ensemble was supposed to play for feasts and banquets, at outdoor events, and in more intimate settings. The ensemble, consisting of two oboes, two clarinets, two horns, two bassoons, and a sixteen-foot bass instrument (double bass or contrabassoon to double second bassoon), made art music even more accessible than before. In a way, Harmoniemusik was a kind of classical portable stereo system!

Everything suggests that Mozart embraced these new possibilities. He wrote to his father that he would arrange a Harmoniemusik version of The Abduction. He added that he would do this “before someone else does!” (Unfortunately, this manuscript is not preserved.) He reworked the sextet (KV 375), written just a few months earlier, to include two oboes so that it could fit in the midst of the emperor’s newly formed ensemble, and he composed the Serenade in C minor, KV 388. Mozart did a thorough job! KV 375 is in E-flat major and is rather easygoing. It was originally intended for a garden party on the occasion of a young lady’s name day. C minor on the other hand, is a key that, during this time period, was considered much deeper. These two keys represented the polar extremes of music’s emotional register. It’s not an unreasonable assertion that Mozart wrote outstandingly well for winds, probably better than anyone before him, and also better than most succeeding him! He had his own special ability to bring out the essence of each instrument for which he wrote. One would say idiomatic in music history terms, while wind players themselves would say it just lies well on the instrument, though challenging and virtuosic. In the end, Mozart was able to show both the emperor and the world just what he was good for as a composer, even though he had just been fired in Salzburg!

Joseph Triebensee (1772-1846) was another main character in the history of Harmoniemusik. He was an oboist born in Wittingau, Bohemia and had learned to play from his father Georg. His father must have been a very good oboist, as he played first oboe in the orchestra for the performances of The Abduction, Figaro, and Cosi fan tutte, all of which have a number of exposed solo parts. Joseph also developed into one of the leading oboists of the time, and managed to perform The Magic Flute as the second oboist in 1791, at only 19 years old! Already in 1794 he became the first oboist and music director (Kapellmeister) for the Prince of Liechtenstein, who maintained a highly recognized Harmonie ensemble. (The Princes of Liechtenstein resided alternately in Vienna and Feldsberg.) During this period he composed 45 works for Harmonie ensemble, and he arranged music from almost 80 operas for this same setting! In fact, his list of opera arrangements represents, in essence, a diary of opera performances in Vienna. Joseph Triebensee was not the only one who continuously adapted the latest music written for the Harmonie setting. Mozart’s statement that he would arrange The Abduction for that orchestration “before anyone else does it” was indeed no joke! Harmoniemusik was definitely popular, and there was good money to be made!

Triebensee succeeded Carl Maria von Weber himself as the director of the Prague Opera in 1816. Triebensee’s arrangement of La Clemenza di Tito is quite typical of the genre. Keys are often adapted to the wind instruments, so that they can easily play the string voices. The arias are often shared amongst the different wind soloists. Naturally, Triebensee gave himself the most famous clarinet solo in the first oboe part. The hornists largely take care of the trumpet voices of the orchestra version. Historically, it would be almost unthinkable to imagine an orchestra with trumpets but without kettledrums. Oslo Kammerakademi therefore takes the liberty of adding kettledrums to this version of the opera. All in all, this suite is entertaining, viruosic, and varied chamber music, not to mention that it was made more accessible to a wider audience as it could be performed both outdoors and indoors, in public and private contexts. Only nine musicians were required!
Nach dem 8. Juni 1781 geriet Mozart sicherlich in Schwierigkeiten, nachdem er vom Salzburger Erzbischof, der seine Geduld mit dem Komponisten völlig verloren hatte, den oft zitierten "Fußtritt" erhalten hatte. Als er in seiner Heimatstadt arbeitete, entschied er sich, sein Glück in Wien zu versuchen. Es war von größter Wichtigkeit, eine umwerfend brillante Idee zu entwickeln! Er begann mit der Komposition von ‚Die Entführung aus dem Serail‘, aber laut einem Brief, verzögerte sich das Werk ständig aufgrund von Änderungen am Libretto und Problemen mit der Produktion selbst.
Therese Hinckel war die Nichte des Hofmalers. Anlässlich ihres Namenstages,sollte ein Fest gefeiert werden. Mozart wurde beauftragt, für diesen Anlass Nachtmusik zu komponieren. Das Werk wurde für zwei Klarinetten, zwei Hörner und zwei Fagotte orchestriert. An diesem Abend spielten die sechs Bläser zweimal die Serenade! Mozart schrieb seinem Vater, dass dies für die Hornisten besonders anspruchsvoll sei.
Mozart hatte zuvor eine ganze Reihe von Divertimenti für sechs Bläser komponiert, aber sie waren für zwei Oboen, zwei Hörner und zwei Fagotte. In Wien jedoch hatte die Klarinette ihr Debüt und Harmoniemusik ohne diese sehr populäre Neuerung wäre für einen so jungen Komponisten unklug gewesen! Der Begriff Harmoniemusik hat einen etwas unklaren Ursprung, wird aber in der Regel einem Kammerensemble aus Bläsern eines Orchesters der Wiener Klassik zugeschrieben und gerade zu dieser Zeit fand die Klarinette ihren Platz in den Orchestern Wiens.
Harmoniemusik war auf dem Weg, ein großer Trend zu werden! Mehrere der führenden Höfe Mitteleuropas bildeten schließlich solche Ensembles. In Wien hatte der Fürst von Liechtenstein seine eigene Harmoniemusik, die schließlich vom legendären Oboisten Triebensee angeführt wurde. In der Hofburg in Wien wollte selbst der Kaiser, der bereits mehrere Musiker in den Opern- und Militärorchestern beschäftigt hatte, sein eigenes Harmonie-Ensemble und im April 1782 erblickte die Kaiserliche Harmonie- und Tafelmusik das Licht der Welt. Der Name dieser Gruppe sagt viel über ihre Funktion aus. Dieses flexible Ensemble sollte für Feste und Bankette, bei größeren und intimen Veranstaltungen auftreten. Das Ensemble, bestehend aus zwei Oboen, zwei Klarinetten, zwei Hörnern, zwei Fagotten und einem 16-Fuß-Bassinstrument machte Kunstmusik noch zugänglicher als bisher. Harmoniemusik war gewissermaßen eine Art klassische tragbare Stereoanlage!
Alles deutet darauf hin, dass Mozart diese neuen Möglichkeiten angenommen hat. Er schrieb seinem Vater, dass er eine Harmoniemusik-Version von ‚Die Entführung‘ arrangieren würde. Er fügte hinzu, dass er dies tun würde, "bevor jemand anders es tut". Wenige Monate zuvor hat er das Sextett (KV 375) überarbeitet, um zwei Oboen aufzunehmen, damit es in die Mitte des neu formierten Ensembles des Kaisers passte und er komponierte die Serenade in c-Moll, KV 388. Mozart hat gute Arbeit geleistet! KV 375 ist in Es-Dur und ist eher unkompliziert. Ursprünglich war es für eine Gartenfeier am Namenstag einer jungen Dame gedacht. C-Moll hingegen ist etwas, das zur damaligen Zeit viel Beachtung fand. Es werden die beiden polaren Extreme des emotionalen Registers der Musik repräsentiert. Es ist keine unangemessene Behauptung, dass Mozart hervorragend für Bläser komponierte, wahrscheinlich besser als irgendjemand vor ihm und auch besser als die meisten seiner Nachfolger! Er hatte seine eigene besondere Fähigkeit, die Essenz jedes einzelnen Instruments, für das er schrieb, herauszuarbeiten. Musikhistorisch gesehen würde man sagen: idiomatisch, während Bläser selbst sagen würden, es liege einfach am Instrument, wenn auch herausfordernd und virtuos. Am Ende konnte Mozart dem Kaiser und der Welt zeigen, wofür er als Komponist gut war, obwohl er gerade in Salzburg gefeuert wurde!
Joseph Triebensee (1772-1846) war eine weitere Hauptfigur in der Geschichte der Harmoniemusik. Er war ein Oboist und hatte von seinem Vater das Spielen gelernt. Sein Vater muss ein sehr guter Oboist gewesen sein, denn er spielte die erste Oboe im Orchester für die Auftritte von ‚Die Entführung‘, ‚Figaro‘ und ‚Cosi fan tutte‘, die alle eine Reihe von exponierten Soloparts haben. Joseph entwickelte sich zu einem der führenden Oboisten seiner Zeit und schaffte es 1791, die Zauberflöte als zweiten Oboisten im Alter von nur 19 Jahren aufzuführen!
Bereits 1794 wurde er der erste Oboist und Kapellmeister des Fürsten von Liechtenstein. In dieser Zeit komponierte er 45 Werke für das Harmonie-Ensemble und arrangierte Musik aus fast 80 Opern für dieses Ensemble! Tatsächlich stellt seine Liste der Opernvorstellungen ein Tagebuch der Opernaufführungen in Wien dar. Joseph Triebensee war nicht der Einzige, der die aktuelle Musik für die Harmonie-Szenerie kontinuierlich adaptierte. Mozarts Aussage, dass er ‚die Entführung‘ für diese Orchestrierung vor allen anderen "arrangieren" würde, war in der Tat kein Witz! Harmoniemusik war definitiv populär, und es gab viel Geld zu verdienen!
Triebensee löste Carl Maria von Weber 1816 selbst als Intendant der Prager Oper ab. Triebensees Bearbeitung von ‚La Clemenza di Tito‘ ist ganz typisch für dieses Genre. Die Tonarten sind oft an die Blasinstrumente angepasst, so dass sie die Streicherstimmen problemlos spielen können. Die Arien werden oft unter den verschiedenen Bläsersolisten geteilt. Natürlich gab sich Triebensee im ersten Oboenpart das berühmteste Klarinettensolo. Historisch gesehen wäre es fast undenkbar, sich ein Orchester mit Trompeten, aber ohne Pauken vorzustellen. Die Osloer Kammerakademi erlaubt es sich daher, in dieser Fassung der Oper Pauken hinzuzufügen. Alles in allem ist diese Suite unterhaltsame, viruose und abwechslungsreiche Kammermusik, ganz zu schweigen davon, dass sie einem breiteren Publikum zugänglich gemacht wurde, da sie sowohl im Freien als auch in Innenräumen, in öffentlichen und privaten Kontexten aufgeführt werden konnte. Nur neun Musiker waren nötig!

Artist(s)

Oslo Kammerakademi

Oslo Kammerakademi performs chamber mu­sic for winds with the historical Harmoniemu­sik instrumentation as a foundation. Founded by Artistic Director David Friedemann Strunck, the ensemble has established itself as a leader in Europe, with critically acclaimed CD record­ings and invitations to prestigious festivals such as the Rheingau Music Festival, the Schleswig- Holstein Music Festival, Summerwinds Holz­bläserfestival Münsterland, Glogerfestspillene, the Fartein Valen Festival, Trondheim Kammer­musikkfest, Stavanger Kammermusikkfestival, and the Valdres Summer Symphony Festival, among others. Oslo Kammerakademi utilizes historical brass in­struments in repertoire from the Baroque, Clas­sical and Romantic periods. This contributes to the ensemble’s authentic sound and historically oriented performances.   Oslo Kammerakademi also performs newly written music for the Harmoniemusik setting. The ensemble has thus far collaborated with composers Mert Karabey (Turkey), Magnar...
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Oslo Kammerakademi performs chamber mu­sic for winds with the historical Harmoniemu­sik instrumentation as a foundation. Founded by Artistic Director David Friedemann Strunck, the ensemble has established itself as a leader in Europe, with critically acclaimed CD record­ings and invitations to prestigious festivals such as the Rheingau Music Festival, the Schleswig- Holstein Music Festival, Summerwinds Holz­bläserfestival Münsterland, Glogerfestspillene, the Fartein Valen Festival, Trondheim Kammer­musikkfest, Stavanger Kammermusikkfestival, and the Valdres Summer Symphony Festival, among others.
Oslo Kammerakademi utilizes historical brass in­struments in repertoire from the Baroque, Clas­sical and Romantic periods. This contributes to the ensemble’s authentic sound and historically oriented performances.
Oslo Kammerakademi also performs newly written music for the Harmoniemusik setting. The ensemble has thus far collaborated with composers Mert Karabey (Turkey), Magnar Åm, Morten Gaathaug, Ketil Hvoslef, Trygve Brøske, Gisle Kverndokk, and Henrik Hellstenius.
Since its inception in 2009, the ensemble’s am­bition has been to embrace the full range of literature for the Harmonie ensemble – from its origin in Vienna in the 1780s to the music of our own time.
Oslo Kammerakademi released its first CD re­cording, Beethoven for Wind Octet (LWC1036) in 2012, and the CD Leipzig! (LWC1093) in 2014. Oslo Kammerakademi’s third CD, the first beau­ty (LWC1093), which was released in 2015, com­pleted a trilogy of Harmoniemusik from three eras. All three releases have been very well re­ceived both at home and abroad. Among other things, BBC Music Magazine gave their debut al­bum five out of five stars. The ensemble more re­cently released Mozart for Wind Octet (LWC1141) in 2017 and in 2019, they released their collabo­ration with Christian Ihle Hadland, Mozart/Dan­zi/Beethoven for Piano and Winds (LWC1187). Both recordings earned overwhelmingly positive reviews.

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Andjei Maevski (clarinet)

Victor Alsén (clarinet)

Roman Reznik (bassoon)

Tuomo Savolainen (double bass)

Cathrine Nyheim (timpani)

Composer(s)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, whose actual name is Joannes Chrysotomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a composer, pianist, violinist and conductor from the classical period, born in Salzburg. Mozart was a child prodigy. Already competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty. Along with Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven, Mozart is considered to be one of the most influential composers of all of music's history. Within the classical tradition, he was able to develop new musical concepts which left an everlasting impression on all the composers that came after him. Together with Joseph Haydn and Ludwig van Beethoven he is part of the First Viennese School.  At 17, Mozart was engaged as...
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, whose actual name is Joannes Chrysotomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a composer, pianist, violinist and conductor from the classical period, born in Salzburg. Mozart was a child prodigy. Already competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty. Along with Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven, Mozart is considered to be one of the most influential composers of all of music's history. Within the classical tradition, he was able to develop new musical concepts which left an everlasting impression on all the composers that came after him. Together with Joseph Haydn and Ludwig van Beethoven he is part of the First Viennese School. At 17, Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court, but grew restless and traveled in search of a better position. From 1763 he traveled with his family through all of Europe for three years and from 1769 he traveled to Italy and France with his father Leopold after which he took residence in Paris. On July 3rd, 1778, his mother passed away and after a short stay in Munich with the Weber family, his father urged him to return to Salzburg, where he was once again hired by the Bishop. While visiting Vienna in 1781, he was dismissed from his Salzburg position. He chose to stay in the capital, where he achieved fame but little financial security. During his final years in Vienna, he composed many of his best-known symphonies, concertos, and operas, and portions of the Requiem, which was largely unfinished at the time of his death.


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